VIRTUAL HEALTH LIBRARY - ONCOLOGY

Topics

• Hereditary or familial colon cancer

  Group of autosomal dominant hereditary disease where the colon cancer appears as discrete adenomas. Unlike familial polyposis of the colon, with hundreds of polyps, hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal tumors occur much later, in the fourth or fifth decade. The HNPCC have been associated with germline mutations of incorrect repair genes. Have been subdivided into Lynch syndrome I or colon cancer site-specific, and Lynch syndrome II, which includes extracolonic forms of cancer.

• Hospice Care in Oncology

  They are the appropriate care to patients with advanced and progressive disease where control pain and other symptoms, as well as psycho-social aspects, paid the most importance. The goal of palliative care is to achieve the best possible quality of life for the patient and his family. The Palliative Medicine affirms life and regards death as a normal process. (WHO)

• Oncologic Nursing

  Nursing care provided cancer patients. It includes aspects of family functioning through education of both patient and family.

• Palliative Care

  Specialized health care, supportive in nature, provided to a dying person. A holistic approach is often taken, providing patients and their families with legal, financial, emotional, or spiritual counseling in addition to meeting patients' immediate physical needs. Care may be provided in the home, in the hospital, in specialized facilities (HOSPICES), or in specially designated areas of long-term care facilities. The concept also includes bereavement care for the family. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

• Prevention in cervical cancer

  Preventing cervical cancer Cervical cancer is largely preventable disease. 99% of cervical cancers are caused by infection with HPV (human papillomavirus). HPV infection has very high prevalence among adolescents. Between the HPV viruses found several subtypes which differ according to the amino acid sequence of the DNA chain. The power of transformation of normal cells into malignant cells of different subtypes HPV: HPV are classified as high risk and low risk HPV. These low-risk viral subtypes are often associated with genital warts simple. Most often the HPVs are eliminated by the host immune system. The high-risk subtypes are the most common subtypes 16 and 18, which are often incorporated into the DNA of the host cell nucleus, producing its first transformation intraepithelial lesions of low and high grade (moderate dysplasia, severe and carcinoma 'in situ '), which are the precursor lesions of cervical cancer and then invasive cancer. CHLCC. Prevention Program cervical de'cáncer in Uruguay 'Dr. Enrique Pouey ': Strategy and procedures manual. Montevideo, 2008.

  • HPV - Human papilomavirus

    The human papillomavirus (HPV), or papillomaviruses are a group of more than 100 types of viruses. They are called papillomaviruses because certain types can cause warts or papillomas, which are benign (not cancerous). HPVs that cause common warts that grow on hands and feet are different from those that cause growths in the throat or genital area. Some types of HPV are associated with certain types of cancer (1). They are called human papillomavirus oncogenic or carcinogenic risk. NCI http://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/hojas-informativas/VPH-respuestas

  • Papillomavirus Vaccines

    The vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) is a vaccine against certain strains of sexually transmitted human papilloma virus associated with development of cervical cancer and genital warts. Of the over 100 known types of HPV, it is known that 37 is transmitted through sexual contact. Worldwide, the sexually transmitted HPV infection is very common in adult populations. Although some HPVs such as types 6 and 11 cause genital warts, most genital HPV infections occur without causing symptoms. However, persistent infection with a subset of about 19 ​​types of HPV 'high risk' that can lead to the development of cervical cancer or other cancers genital / anal, and some forms of HPV, particularly type 16, have been found associated with a shaped throat cancer

     

• Prevention in colorectal cancer

  According to the American Cancer Society, but not know the exact cause of most colorectal cancers, it is possible to prevent many of them.
  Screening tests for colorectal cancer which are done are one of the most powerful weapons in preventing colorectal cancer. Screening tests are performed as part of the process of determining the presence of cancer or precancer in people who have no symptoms of the disease.
  From the time the first abnormal cells start to grow into polyps, it usually takes about 10 to 15 years for them to develop into colorectal cancer. In many cases, screening tests that are done regularly can prevent colorectal cancer altogether. This is because most polyps can be found and removed before they have a chance of becoming cancer. Screening tests also can find cancer in its early stages, when it is highly curable.
  Food, exercise and body weight
  You can reduce your risk of developing colorectal cancer than those risk factors can be controlled, such as your diet and physical activity.
  Most studies report that overweight or obese increases the risk of colorectal cancer in both men and women, although this association seems to be stronger men.
  The best advice on diet and physical activity may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer is:
  • Increase the intensity and amount of physical activity.
  • Limit consumption of red and processed meats.
  • Get the recommended levels of calcium and vitamin D
  • Eat more fruits and vegetables.
  • Avoid obesity and weight gain around the midsection.
  • Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.

   

• Secondary prevention in breast neoplasms

  Secondary prevention is the group actions designed to early detection of certain cancers. These actions are called screening or screening programs.

  The aim of secondary prevention is to reduce mortality from cancer, early detection of cancer by screening the population at risk of contracting it (population risk).

   

  AECC (Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer)

  Translated from: https://www.aecc.es/SobreElCancer/Prevencion/Paginas/prevencion.aspx 

  [query date: March, 2013]

                                             

• Smoking

  Chronic illness, addictive, which evolves with relapses. The T is an addiction, whose substance is addictive nicotine acting at the level of the central nervous system. It is one of the most addictive drugs, even more than cocaine and heroin. Smoking is an addiction because it meets the following characteristics: Conduct compulsive, repetitive; Not able to stop even knowing that what you are doing harm; Tolerance: increasingly more substance is needed to get the same feeling; Abstinence syndrome: appearance of physical symptoms that cause discomfort when consumption decreases or stops; Alteration of the aspects of daily life and social life of the addict. (WHO)

  • Smoking Cessation

    Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.

  • Smoking in adolescence

    Addiction acquired during adolescence (13 to 18 years).

• Uruguaian Research Projects

  Research projects carried by Uruguian professionals and funded by the Honorary Comission To Fight Against Cancer, from 1992 up to present.

• Uterine neoplasms prevention